Fail Safe vs. Fail Secure Locks: Differences, Uses, and Best Applications
Selecting the right electronic locks and access control systems requires a clear understanding of the differences between fail safe and fail secure mechanisms. Both options serve specific security needs, and selecting the right one can significantly impact the safety and functionality of your property. Here, we break down the key differences and explore the ideal applications for each.
What is a Fail Safe Lock?
A fail safe lock is designed to unlock automatically when power is lost. This ensures that occupants can exit the premises safely in the event of an emergency, such as a fire or power outage.
Key Features of Fail Safe Locks:
- Safety First: Prioritizes easy egress during emergencies.
- Power Dependency: Requires continuous power to remain locked.
- Common Types: Electromagnetic locks (maglocks) are a typical fail safe mechanism.
Applications for Fail Safe Locks:
Fail safe locks are ideal for situations where life safety is the primary concern. Common use cases include:
- Emergency Exits: Ensuring occupants can leave quickly during an evacuation.
- Commercial Buildings: Offices, schools, and hospitals often use fail safe locks on doors that serve as emergency exits.
- High-Traffic Areas: Entrances and exits where people need quick and reliable access.
What is a Fail Secure Lock?
A fail secure lock, on the other hand, remains locked when power is lost. This mechanism is designed to maintain security, preventing unauthorized access even during a power outage.
Key Features of Fail Secure Locks:
- Security First: Ensures that access points remain secure without power.
- Power Dependency: Requires power only to unlock the door.
- Common Types: Electric strikes, electrified mortise locks, and certain electronic deadbolts often operate as fail secure mechanisms.
Applications for Fail Secure Locks:
Fail secure locks are ideal for scenarios where security takes precedence over ease of egress. Common use cases include:
- Server Rooms: Protecting sensitive data and equipment.
- Restricted Areas: Doors leading to vaults, safes, or high-security zones.
- After-Hours Security: Ensuring entrances remain locked during non-operational hours.
Fail Safe vs Fail Secure in Modern Access Control Systems
In real-world access control design, fail safe and fail secure locks are sometimes used in the same building. Many commercial buildings rely on a combination of both, depending on the door’s function, location, and occupancy requirements.
For example, a primary egress door may use a fail safe locking method to ensure occupants can exit freely during a power failure, while still relying on mechanical latching or panic hardware to maintain proper door operation. At the same time, interior doors—such as IT rooms, storage areas, or staff-only spaces—often use fail secure locking hardware to preserve security even when power is interrupted.
It’s also important to understand how electronic locks interact with mechanical door hardware. Many fail secure electric strikes and electrified mortise locks still allow free mechanical egress from the inside, meaning security is maintained without compromising occupant safety. This distinction is critical when designing systems that must balance life safety, access control, and long-term reliability.
Choosing the Right Lock for Your Needs
The choice between fail safe and fail secure locks depends on the specific requirements of your property. Another important consideration is how a lock behaves during partial system failures—not just full power outages. Access control systems can experience controller issues, wiring faults, or voltage drops that affect door operation. Knowing whether a lock defaults to a locked or unlocked state in these scenarios helps prevent unexpected security gaps or egress problems.
Additionally, not all fail safe or fail secure locks function the same across different hardware types. Electric strikes, magnetic locks, electrified mortise locks, and panic device trim all behave differently depending on their configuration. Selecting the correct fail state must go hand-in-hand with choosing hardware that matches the door type and usage.
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Building Codes and Regulations:
- Many local codes require fail safe locks for emergency exits.
- Verify with your local regulations before making a decision.
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Power Backup Solutions:
- Consider installing a backup power source (like a UPS) to ensure continuous operation of fail safe or fail secure locks.
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Hybrid Solutions:
- In some cases, a combination of fail safe and fail secure locks can provide a balanced solution. For instance, main entrance doors might use fail safe locks, while interior restricted areas use fail secure mechanisms.
To get more information on how Magnetic Locks or different Types of Electronic Locking Hardware for Commercial Properties check out our blogs on those topics.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between fail safe and fail secure locks is essential for designing a robust access control system. While fail safe locks prioritize occupant safety, fail secure locks ensure uncompromising security. By assessing your specific needs and consulting with access control experts, you can select the ideal locking mechanisms for your property.
Need help choosing the right lock for your space? Contact us today for expert guidance and high-quality electronic lock solutions tailored to your requirements.